Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry Dabbs Pdf Creator

Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry Dabbs Pdf Creator Online

IntroductionFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid and convenient method of diagnosing any accessible lesion., However, there are some tumors like malignant round cell tumors, which always pose a diagnostic problem to a pathologist. For quick diagnosis of such lesions, specialized techniques like immunocytochemistry (ICC) on FNAC smears can be used.

Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry Dabbs Pdf Creator Pdf

If FNAC and ICC are used properly, a quick and correct guideline can be provided to the clinicians for selecting the right protocol for treatment, avoiding immediate surgical intervention and thus save additional expense and time.Apart from FNAC smears, ICC can be done on smears prepared from centrifuged cell deposits obtained from body fluids and cells grown in culture. Materials and MethodsThe study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology in our institutes from June 2008 to June 2011.Seventy eight cases of patients presenting with tumors of various sites were selected who attended the out-patient department in our institutes. Case details were recorded which included clinical presentation, radiological findings etc., FNAC was done in all cases and the diagnosis was given as either malignant round cell or undifferentiated neoplasm. DiscussionDefinite diagnostic criteria in different lesions using FNAC was first applied by Zajicek and immunostaining method using enzymes as labels was first used by Nakane and Pierce in 1966. One of the most popular recent techniques Streptavidin-Biotin technique was first used by Guesdon et al. In 1979.

Undifferentiated neoplasms very often pose diagnostic problem to pathologists specially when only FNAC is used as a diagnostic tool. FNAC in conjunction with ICC can solve most of these problems.Abendroth and Dabbs, used immunoperoxidase staining with selected antibodies in 75 cases of smears made from various neoplastic or non-neoplastic tissues received as surgical specimens. ICC showed expected positive staining in these cases. Dabbs and Wang also used more than one antibody on a single pap stained slide to prove the use of ICC on limited smears. Brahmi et al.

used ICC on FNAC smears to confirm the diagnosis of 51 cases of malignant small round cell tumors. However, ICC may have some inherent problems and may give false positive or false negative results. Causes of false positive staining may be due to insufficient peroxidase blocking, necrotic cells, dried preparation, cross reactivity of antibodies.

False negative results may be due to low antibody concentration, denaturation of aspirated material etc., Last but not the least, in both the categories there is misinterpretation of neoplastic and reactive cells by the cytopathologist. These problems may be resolved to some extent by use of cell block preparation., However, even ICC on cell block may not have 100% diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, processing time for cell block preparation (like small biopsy) and subsequent ICC may be more time consuming compared to ICC on smears. The material on cell block also may be limited.

INTRODUCTIONWorld Health Organization broadly classifies lymphomas into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is further subclassified based on the stage of maturation (immature vs. Mature) and cell of origin B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell (NK) cell.Morphologic assessment takes into account the anatomic architectural alterations in the lymphoid compartment i.e., B-cell follicle (follicle center, mantle, or marginal zone) or T-cell regions (interfollicular or sinus areas). If an abnormal population is present (polymorphic or monomorphic), the determination of pattern (diffuse or nodular) and cell size (small, intermediate, large) and nuclear characteristics (round, irregular, cleaved with condensed or dispersed or blastic chromatin, and the character of the nucleoli) is made.The unique feature of lymphomas is the fact that these are considered as clonal proliferation of lymphocytes arrested at different stages of differentiation, thereby recapitulating stages of normal lymphocyte differentiation. ROLE IN TARGETED THERAPY.Rituximab in B-cell lymphomas has a well established role.